Portable testing machine



May 21, 1935. R. w. DlNzL I FORTABLE TESTING`MACHINE Filed Jan. 14, 19302 Sheets-Sheet l W Dinzl Atty.

2,001Q7Il MaI 21, 1935. R. w. D|Nz| I PORTABLE TESTING MACHINE FiledJan. 14, 193 y 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented May 2l, 1935 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE mesne assignments,

to Baldwin- Southwark Corporation, a corporation of Delaware ApplicationJanuary 14, 1930, Serial No. 420,782

4 Claims.

My invention relates to that type of testing machines employed for thepurpose of imparting tensile stress to test specimens, and in which thetesting operation may extend to the destruction 5 of such test pieces.

One object of my invention is to provide a simple and eilcientstructure, portable in character.

A further object of my invention is to simplify the operation ofstressing and/or breaking test specimens by providing a machine having aself-contained body of iiuid, usually oil, with a manually operatedself-contained pump to move said uid and create the desired pressure toeffect movement of one set of jaws employed for gripping the test piece.

A further object of my invention is to provide a portable testingmachine with means permitting displacement of the body of iluid after atesting operation so that such fluid may be repeatedly utilized to movea piston or plunger to which one set of the gripping jaws is operativelyconnected.

And a still further object of my invention is to provide a structurewith certain detachable parts so that it may be readily taken apartand/or assembled; one of such detachable parts being a gauge indicatingthe pressure developed.

These and other features of my invention are more fully set forthhereinafter; reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is'a plan view, partly in section, of a portable testingmachine within the scope of my invention in the open and operativeposition; such view also showing a cover plate which I may employ forthe purpose of closing the testing space when the machine is not in use.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the portable testing machine shown in Fig.1, partlyin section on the line II-II.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view similar toa portion' of Fig. 1,illustrating the gripping jaws or Wedge grips in the retracted positionready for engagement with a test piece.

Fig. 4 is an end view of the testing machine, looking in the directionof the arrow a, Fig. l.

Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are cross sectional views on the lines V-V; VI-VI;VII-VII, and V111- VIII, respectively, Fig. 1, looking in the directionof the arrow a.

Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation on IX, Fig. 2, and

vthe une 1x- Fig'. 10 is a sectional view illustrating a detail I myinvention.

The improved testing apparatus or portable testing machine illustratedin the drawings may comprise an end member I, having a cylindricalchamber 2; an end member 3 oppositely disposed with respect to themember I, and a connecting shell or' housing suitably attached tosaidfmembers or integral therewith.

The end members I and 3 may be provided with feet I and 3a whereby thestructure may be mounted upon a suitable support or base; the feet Iaand 3EL being apertured Afor the reception of attaching screws.Externally the end members I and 3 may be of any desired contour and theconnecting shell 4 may be of any suitable shape. For convenience, theseparts are shown as cylindrical or substantially so but any other shapemay be employed and, if desired, the end members I and 3 may beconnected together by a skeleton frame or by longitudinal bolts, so longas said end members are stayed or held in proper alignment and fixedposition with respect to eachother. And it is within the scope of myinvention to independently mount said end members upon a suitablesupport in fixed relation and proper alignment without the interventionof any connecting member.

Fixed to or integral with the end member 3 is a slotted head 5, carryinggripping jaws or wedge grips 6. In axial alignment therewith andoppositely disposed with4 respect thereto is another slotted head 1,carrying gripping jaws or wedge grips 8; said head 'I being connectedtoone end of a rod 9 whose opposite end lis connected to a piston orplunger I0 disposed in the cylindrical chamber 2 formed in the endmember I. The end of this chamber 2 is closed by a head 2n through whichsaid rod 9 passes; packing to provide a fluid-tight joint beingindicated at Se.

The gripping jaws or wedge grips 6 and 8 are mounted in slots Iia and`8ahaving tapered walls formed in the yrespective heads and 1, and thesejaws or grips may be prevented from vertical displacement by means ofdetachable guards 5a and 'la These gripping jaws or wedge grips may bemoved into position to close upon and grip a specimen by means ofsprings II disposedwithin the slots 6 and 8a and actingagainst plates I2which may be loosely attached to said gripping jaws by screws I2,passing through slots l2b formed in said plates. The action of thesesprings II serves to move the separate sets o'f gripping jaws towardeach other longitudinally of the machine and the`tapered walls of theslots B and Ila cause the jaws of each set to move toward each other andclose against a test piece or specimen when the latter has been insertedprioi` to the exertion of tensile stress upon the. same, as lindicatedin Fig. 3.

The body I is bored to form the cylindrical chamber 2, and movablewithin this chamber is the piston I0, connected to the rod 8 which movesback and forth through the head 2"; the latter being threaded into thebore of the body I and forming one end of the chamber 2.

The piston I0 may be moved by means. of .iluid pressure directed to thechamber 2 on opposite sides of said piston. 'I'he pressure to move saidpiston during testing stress is effected by the operation of aself-contained pump which is mounted in the end of the body I; such pumpdrawing fluid from a storage space of the chamber 2 on'one side of thepiston I0 and delivering it to said ch-amber 2 on the opposite side ofthepiston'. 'I'his fluid may be displaced with respect to the oppositesides of the piston after the testing operation, in-a manner hereinafterdescribed. Fluid (oil) may be initially introduced into the chamber 2and subsequently supplied to compensate for any leakage through asuitable opening, normally closed by a plug, as hereinafter set forth.

The pump is clearly shown in Fig. 1 and in the cross sectional View Fig.5; its position at the end of body I being indicated in Fig. 1. It maycomprise a packed plunger I5, disposed in a. chamber I6 formed in theend of the body I; such plunger being operatively connected to a rackedportion I5, which may be integral therewith and is movable in the recessISB. The pump plunger may be operated by means of a pinion I1 inengagement with the rack I5; such pinion being rocked by a hand leverI8. The racked portion I5 is movable in the chamber or recess I8* formedin the body I, which may be normally closed by the plug I6", and thepinion I 1 is suitably journaled in the body I; one bearing for the samebeing in the form of a hollow nut I8 which also serves to retain thesame in operative position. The end of the pinion arbor I1* whichprojects through this hollow nut I 9 may be squared or otherwise shapedfor the reception of the end of the hand lever I8, which may be readilydetached when not in use.

'I'he iluid in the storage space of the chamber 2 which is deliveredtherefrom by the pumping action to create the desired pressure to effectmovement of the piston in the stressing direction, is delivered to theopposite end oi' said chamber 2 at the left of the piston (Fig. 1) viapassage 28, having a port 2li*L opening into said chamber adjacent thehead 2. On the suction stroke iiuid is drawn from the storage space ofthe chamber 2 at the right of the piston via passage 2I, having a port2|*l communicating with this end of the chamber 2. From the passage 2l'the fluid passes to the vertical passage 22; thence Via port 22 to apassage 23; thence via port 23L past a small check valve 24, which maybe a ball, to chamber 25; thence via port 25u and passage 28 to passage21 communicating with the pump chamber I 6. On the pressure stroke thefluid from the pump chamber I6 passes via passages 21 and 26 and port 25to chamber 25, past a larger Ycheck valve 28, in the chamber 29, whichcheck valve may also be a ball, and thence via port 28n to said passage28 leading to the pressure space of the chamber 2 at the left of thepiston I8, and discharging therein, through 20B.

While the pressure is building up in the chamber 2 at the side of thepiston I0 under the pumping action the uid in the storage space on theopposite side of the piston is being drawn therefrom. by the samepumping action. The

pump chamber IB communicates with passage or duct 21 .opening via port28 into the chambered space 25--29 containing the check valves 24 and28. On its suction stroke the pump plunger lifts the check valve 24,undue movement of which is prevented by the pin 24 extending across they lower part of the chamber 25, and closes the check valve 28. On thepressure stroke the action of these check valves is reversed.

The test piece is indicated at X in the several views by broken lines;one end being engaged by the jaws or grips Bcarried by the Afixed head5, while the other end is engaged by the jaws or grips 8 carried by thehead 1 connected to the piston rod 8. The test pieces may be insertedbetween the respective jaws by pressing them back against causes it toexert a pull upon the test piece. This continued movement causes stressto be exerted upon the test piece whichmay continue until the elasticlimit or the breaking point is reached.

Undue movement of the piston'is prevented by a stop member I0 carried bythe piston I8. The

tapered slots receiving the gripping jaws cause` the latter to ilrmlygrip the test piece as the stressi'ng action is being applied. A ga'uge3|) communieating with the chamber 2 registers the amount of pressuredeveloped during the testing operation. may be connected to said chamber2 at the point 3|. When the machine is not in use* and the gauge hasbeen detached, the opening in the fixed bushing 32 receiving the gaugenipple SII and communicating with the chamber 2 may be closed by a plug32B. ,l

After the desired test has been completed and the specimen has beenstressed to its elastic limit or fractured, the operator releases theuid in chamber 2 by opening or backing off a plug valve 35, which isprovided with a stem 35n fitting a seat 22 at the upper end of thevertical passage 22, uncovering a port 28b communicating with thepassage 20.

When the stem of this plug valve 35 has been unseated, theiluid-admitted to the side of the chamber 2 at the left of the pistonto' create the desired pressure may escape to the storage space of thechamber 2 at the right of the piston via said passage 22 and the passage2|; the check valves 24 and 28 preventing movement of the uid in theopposite direction. The plug valve is suitably packed to prevent anyleakage, and is firmly seated during a testing operation.

By reason of the arrangement of internal passages the fluid may bepassed and repassed betweenopposite sides of the piston; allowing thesame fluid to be used over and over and requiring no connection with anoutside source lof supply. If, because of leakage, it becomes necessaryto vreplenish the iiuid, this may be accomplished by removing one of theplugs closing one of the bored passages, plug 2|b for instance, normallyclosing passage 2i, adding the desired amount, and then lreplacing suchplug. 'I'he initial supply of iluid may be introduced at this point.

The stressed or ruptured test piece may be released by opening thegripping jaws in the same manner as when inserting such test piece. WithThis gauge is detachably mounted and v col the plug valve 35 unseated,the operator may then pull the movable head 1 carrying the gripping jaws8 back to the starting position. 'I'his is readily accomplished becausethe open position of the stem of the plug valve 35 allows free movementof the liquid between the spaces of the cylinder 2 on opposite sides ofthe piston I0. For the sake of clarity the chamber 2 and the severalpassages in the body I of the testing machine between said chamber andthe pump chamber I6 are l shown empty.

'Ihe space between the end members I and 3 is open during a testingoperation. This space may be covered when the apparatus is not in use or,when it is being transported by closing the lid 36,

1. In a portable testing machine, the combination of a fixed and amovable head arranged in horizontal positions, grips carried by each ofsaid heads, an elongated chambered body, a piston movably mounted in onechamber of said body and operatively connected to said movable head, apump contained in another chamber of said body for delivering fluidpressure to the chamber receiving said piston; said piston chamber alsoproviding storage space for said fluid, means for operating said pump;said chambered body having a passage formed in the wall thereof andextending longitudinally of the same and ports and passagescommunicating with the spaces of said piston chamber on both sides ofsaid piston and said longitudinal passage, and a movable valve forclosing one of said ports and passages during a testing operation.

2. In a portable testing machine, the combination of a. xed and movablehead arranged in horizontal positions, grips carried by each of saidheads, an elongated chambered body, a piston movably mounted in onechamber of said body and operatively connected to said movable head, apump contained in another chamber of said body for delivering fluidpressure to the chamber receiving said piston; said piston chamber alsoproviding storage space for said fluid and said chambered body having apassage formed in the wall thereof and extending longitudinally of thesame and ports and passages communicating with the spaces of said pistonchamber on both sides -of said piston and said longitudinal passage, anda movable valve for closing one of said ports and passages during atesting operation.

3. In a portable testing machine, the combination of a pair ofoppositely disposed members horizontally arranged in fixed relation, axed head carried by one of said members, a movable head reciprocablymounted with respect to said xed head and the other xed member, gripscarried by each of said heads between which a test specimen may be held;said last-named fixed member having an elongated chambered body,` apiston movably mounted in one chamber of said chambered body, a rodconnected to said piston and carrying said movable head, a pumpcontained in another chamber of said body for directing uid vpressure tothe chamber receiving said piston; said piston chamber also providingstorage space for said fluid, means for operating said pump; said secondfixed member having ports and passages whereby the pumping action maydeliver' the body of fluid from the storage space to the pressure sideof said piston and one of said passages formed in the wall of said bodyand extending. longitudinally of the chambered body with ports andpassages affording communication between the same and the, spaces ofsaid piston'chamber on both Sides of said piston and said longitudinalpassage, and means for closing one of said ports and passages during atesting operation.

4. In a portable testing machine, the combination of a pair ofoppositely disposed members horizontally arranged in fixed relation andalignment, a fixed head carried by one of said members, a movable headreciprocably mounted with respect to said'xed head and the other fixedmember, grips carried by each of said vheads between which a testspecimen may be held; said last-named fixed membrhaving an elongatedchambered body, a piston movably mounted in one chamber of saidchambered body, a rod connected to said piston and carrying said movablehead, a pump contained in another chamber in said last-named fixedmember; saidpiston chamber also providing storage space for said uid,means for operating said pump, said second fixed member having ports andpassages whereby the pumping action may deliver the body of fluid fromthe storage space to the pressure side of said piston and one of saidpassages formed in the wall of said body and extending longitudinally ofthe chambered body with ports and passages affording communicationbetween the same and the spaces of said piston chamber on both sides ofsaid piston and said longitudinal passage, and a movable valve forclosing one of said ports and passages during a testing operation.

RICHARD W. DINZL.

